中国城市网约车服务对公交使用量的影响

城市网约车服务的蓬勃发展对包括公共交通在内的传统出行方式将产生影响.本文针对公交使用量的影响问题，运用109个城市数据做实证分析，并从网约车进入时长和城市类别做异质性检验.研究结果表明：网约车服务进入城市对城市公交使用量有明显的负向影响，且负向影响在超大型城市中更为严重；随着时间推移，网约车服务对公交使用量的负向影响呈现先增强后减弱的规律.研究结论揭示了中国城市网约车对公交的影响规律，对交通管理者制定相关政策具有参考意义.     

基于关联分析的乘客公共交通依赖度识别方法

不同乘客在出行过程中对公共交通的依赖程度具有显著差异，精准识别乘客公共交通依赖度，有助于针对性地引导出行者向公共交通方式转移.本文基于多源数据的关联，获取包含个体属性的公共交通出行链，从出行行为和个体属性两方面提出8个依赖度指标，构建二阶聚类模型，识别乘客公共交通依赖度.结果表明：样本按依赖度高低被划分为4类群组；部分高、较高依赖度乘客在出行决策时受限于收入和车辆拥有量，并有向私家车出行转移的趋势；乘客出行习惯行为较个体属性对公共交通依赖度的影响更大.利用平均命中率(AHR)和平均覆盖率(ACR)指标评估个体属性对识别结果的影响，得出结论，个体属性指标间存在耦合关系，且指标缺失量与模型误差具有非线性关系.研究有助于理解公共交通乘客的需求和选择倾向性，为精准改善公共交通服务提供支撑.     

Exploring built environment impacts on transit use – an updated meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

The built environment (BE) is widely accepted to influence transit use (TU). Evidence to date suggests the relationship is dependent on many factors which can be difficult to account for in quantitative studies. This creates barriers to transferring research into practice. Considering many studies together can be useful for accounting for more of the factors impacting transit use. Yet, meta-analysis of research measuring these influences was last undertaken in 2010 based on 18 studies. Since then 90 new quantitative studies have been published. These recent studies use improved methodologies and are conducted in more diverse geographies. This paper reports an improved and updated meta-analysis of built environment impacts on transit use. It compares elasticity estimates from research published pre-and post-2010 and explores the impact of new methods and a more diverse geographical representation on findings. Updated meta-elasticities range from <0.01 to 0.26; a similar range to the 2010 study. However, at the individual indicator levels, more recent results are different. Elasticities for urban density, including population, employment and commercial density, have increased significantly in studies published since 2010, as did that of land use mix. However, measures of local access, design and jobs-housing balance decreased in post-2010 studies. These results confirm the small but imprecise relationship between the BE and TU. Results also suggest that while the range of elasticity impacts is relatively consistent, new study methodologies, notably those that control for regional accessibility and self-selection, and the increasing geographical diversity in study applications, is acting to change BE-TU findings at the indicator level. Research setting and context are important to consider when using empirical results to design BE strategies to promote transit use.     

共享单车参与的城市公租单车合作博弈

鉴于国内传统城市公共自行车与共享单车在功能和服务对象等方面表现出的明显互补性，为促成合作从而实现联盟超可加性，研究城市公租单车系统中多方合作的收益分配具有必要性。首先，针对城市公租单车系统中各参与主体的利益分配问题，以合作博弈为基础，构建了共享单车、城市公共自行车、政府的三方合作博弈模型。然后，利用Shapley值法对合作博弈模型进行求解，得出收益分配向量。接着，以一致许可值法为基础，考虑参与人在进出联盟时对其他参与人的外部性影响，改进收益分配向量，使得联盟收益分配更合理，联盟更稳定。最后，以兰州市为例的收益分配计算结果表明，城市公租单车系统中各参与人的合作收益符合集体理性；分配结果符合个体理性；政府应处于主导地位，以监管和补贴为主要手段主动促成大联盟的形成。     

城市公共交通发展热点议题分析

城市公共交通事业发展过程中需要广泛征求社会公众的意见,分析网络社交媒体中的信息相较于传统的信息收集手段具有高效快速、成本低廉等优势。文中提出一套完整的网络文本分析方法,采用结巴分词、TF-IDF模型以及SnowNLP等工具及算法分析识别网民对于天津公交系统的讨论热点及情感倾向,结果显示,公众对于天津市常规公交系统的讨论主要集中于老年人免费乘车政策、驾驶员驾驶行为以及公交运营计划的执行情况等方面。此外,公众对于天津市常规公交的情感倾向呈现为积极情感与消极情感各占50%左右。     

使役条件下二轮电动车电池单次耐用性研究

本文通过理论和实验相结合的方法对使役条件下,在不同坡度、路面道路条件,不同充放电时间、制动次数、轮胎胎压、载重量等使用情况对二轮电动车电池的单次耐用性进行试验研究。结果发现,造成电机输出功率增加,放电电流增大的外部条件均会造成蓄电池容量减少,研究结果可指导二轮电动车车主合理科学使用二轮电动车。     

利用简化时间序列法预测公共交通客运量

在满足一定的前提下,时间序列法可以用于预测公共交通客运量;预测的计算过程可以采用excel等软件来辅助计算,也可以采用手算。在需要手算的情况下,将时间的年份序列进行简化,能够提高手算速度,有助于使用者更快地完成计算过程、得到同样的预测结果,并能有助于使用者更好地理解时间序列法的应用。     

Cross-sector Analysis of Four Renegotiated Transport PPPs in Portugal

Abstract

This paper uses the Fertagus renegotiation results as a reference and explores the features that made it such a widely commended case, aiming to identify the best practice to be followed in other cases. The two main questions that this paper aimed to respond were: Was the success of the renegotiation process in the Fertagus contract due to mode-specific factors? Are those factors (mode specific or not) transferable to other modes under public private partnership (PPP) contracts and if so, to what extent? Regarding the mode specificity and transferability analysis, it can be noticed that much of the features were not mode specific in theory, however for the successful transferability to other transport modes, some changes should be made to the PPP model taking into account modal specificities and national contexts.     

Estimating cycleway capacity and bicycle equivalent unit for electric bicycles

With the rapid increase of electric bicycles (E-bikes) in China, the heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow comprising regular bicycles and E-bikes using shared cycleway creates issues in terms of efficiency as well as safety. Capacity and bicycle equivalent units (BEUs) for E-bikes are two most important parameters for the planning, design, operation, and management of bicycle facilities. In this paper, eight traffic flow fundamental diagrams are developed for one-way cycleway capacity estimation, and a novel BEU estimation model is also proposed. Eleven datasets from different shared cycleway sections with different cycleway widths were collected in Hangzhou, China for estimation and evaluation purposes. The results indicate that, with around 70% share of E-bikes, the mean estimated capacity is 2348 bicycle/h/m. The effects on the capacity of the proportions of E-bikes, gender of cyclists, age of cyclists, and cyclists carrying things were also analyzed. The results implied that the estimated capacity is independent of a cyclist’s gender and age, but increases with the proportion of E-bikes. According to this study, the mean BEU for the E-bike is 0.66, and the converted capacities of pure regular bicycles and pure E-bikes are 1800 and 2727 bicycle/h/m, respectively. These findings can be used to propose practical countermeasures to improve the capacity of heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow on shared cycleway.     

复杂网络理论及其在公共交通韧性领域的应用综述

公共交通系统韧性是交通安全研究的核心内容之一。复杂网络理论作为分析大型复杂系统的有力工具，为研究公共交通系统韧性提供了新的角度和方向。综述了复杂网络在公共交通韧性领域的研究现状，首先结合文献计量分析法对公共交通网络韧性相关文献的发展趋势、出版刊物分布、热点关键词等特征进行分析，以系统梳理公共交通网络韧性发展历程，并归纳总结公共交通网络韧性领域的研究热点。其次，从公共交通网络韧性定义出发，对复杂网络在公共交通韧性评估、韧性优化方面的应用与研究现状进行综述，一方面对公共交通韧性评估的核心内容，包括韧性评估指标、评估方法、中断建模及中断流重分配进行了系统分析，另一方面从灾前预防策略与灾后恢复策略2个方面梳理了公共交通韧性提升相关研究。最后，系统总结现有研究所面临的主要问题与挑战，并从韧性评估方法创新、中断建模改进、恢复模型探索等方面对未来公共交通韧性的发展方向与研究趋势进行分析。